Nicaragua's Ortega targets political opponents in new constitutional reform
President Daniel Ortega has led a sweeping consolidation of power in Nicaragua, with a new draft constitutional reform now targeting opposition members and former political rivals. The reform aims to exclude individuals labeled as 'traitors' and 'coup-plotting' opposition figures from participating in future elections. This move is part of a broader strategy to extend Ortega's hold on power, potentially reshaping the nation's political landscape.
Congress President Gustavo Porras outlined parts of the reform in a public reading, hinting at a broader strategy to ensure Ortega’s continued rule. The reform’s likely approval in September follows Ortega’s public dismissal of election plans, which he claims are necessary to stop 'coup-plotting' opposition from toppling his government. Porras emphasized the proposal’s goal of creating an 'effective term of seven renewable years' for the presidency, signaling Ortega’s intention to remain in power for an extended period. During the consultations, Porras also noted that the reform sets seven-year terms for the appointment of the army commander in chief and of police chiefs.
Earlier in 2024, Ortega passed a constitutional amendment that stretched his term from five to six years. That change also elevated his wife, Rosario Murillo, to co-president and delayed elections to 2027. Critics argued these moves were designed to secure the Ortega family’s grip on power indefinitely. The reform has drawn widespread criticism, with many viewing it as an effort to dismantle democratic processes and cement the Ortega family's influence over the country. The February 2025 amendment reshaped the structure of the state and pushed general elections from November 2026 to November 2027.
Once a symbol of left-wing rebellion after toppling the Somoza dictatorship in the late 1970s, he now presides over a deeply polarized nation, with over 300 killed in government crackdowns since 2018, according to human rights groups. The country has been engulfed in political turmoil since 2018 when Ortega violently suppressed antigovernment protests. His regime has faced growing international criticism and sanctions from countries such as the United States and the European Union. Ortega's remarks prompted reactions, with U.S. Senator Marco Rubio calling for action, and Panama and the Dominican Republic recalling their ambassadors for consultations.
Recent actions include stripping lawyers of certification and restricting independent media, both part of a multiyear campaign to silence dissent. If passed, the constitutional changes could further isolate the country from regional and global institutions. Critics warn that these reforms will undermine democracy and human rights, further entrenching Ortega’s authoritarian rule in the Central American nation. A survey by the exiled opposition organization Hagamos Democracia found 44.9% in favor of more direct intervention by the U.S. or other international actors, though it also noted 38.9% expected that increased pressure would lead to more repression.